Lesson 1-1.2 Computer Fundamentals !! Benefit of Computer System ( Computer System-Definition ) Writing Theory !! TOTAL EMITRA NEWS !!

BENEFIT OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

COMPUTER SYTEM-DEFINITION

A computer is an electronic device. it consists of devices to enter data, process it, store it and give the results in the desired format. Data refers to raw facts and figures. Data is entered in the computer using an input device like a keyboard and is stored in the computer's mymory. It is then processed as per the given set of insturction. The result is displayed on any of the output device such as monitor. The computer processes the data and produce information. Computers can only understand on and off slectric signals, where ON means circuit is On and OFF means circuit is off (Binary singals).

The way to think about a computer is as part of an information system. An information system has five parts: Data, Hardware, Software, Procedures, and Peoples.

People: It is easy to oversee people as one of the essential parts of an information system. This is what computers are all about- making people, end users like us, more productive and effective.

Procedures: The reles or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware and data are procedures. Computer Specialists document these procedures in manual writtenby them.

Software: A program consists of a set of instruction that tell the computer how to do its work step-by-step. Software is anothre name for a program or set of programs.

Hardware: Hardware is controlled by software. The Hardware is the equipment's that process the data to create informaton. It includes the keyboard, mouse, monitor, system unit, and other devices,

Data: The raw, unprocessed facts, including text, image, numbers and sounds are called data. Processed data yiedls information.

Basic Characteristics of Computer

1. Speed: The computer processes the data at a very high speed. Computers take only few seconds to process a huge amount of data, i.e. millions of instructions amy be processed in a second.

2. Accuracy: The result produced by a computer are very correct. It correct data is entered in the computer, the output obtained is accurate. The computer works on the theory of GIGO (Garbage in Garbage out).

3. High Storage Capacity: Computers have a large memory and can store a large amount of data in a very compact manner. Any information stored in a computer may be retained in it for a very long period. With this features, lot of repetition in avoided.

4. Versatility: Computers are used to perform a variety of tasks. We may use them to write letters prepare sheets, listen to music; prepare inventory reports, hospital management, banking and many more.

5. Dilligence: Being a machine, a computer is free form fatigue, lack of concentration, boredom. Computer will perform the last instruction at the same speed at which the first instruction was processed.

6. Limitation: Computer is a dumb machine and it cannot do anything in its own. The Computer is an electronic device which is capable of receving information (data) in a particular form and of performing a sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermind but variable set of procedural instruction (program) to produce a result in the form of information or signals. In an unanticipated situation, the computer cannor take any decision on its own. The sequence of instructions cannot be changed by the computer. It has no IQ ( Intelligent Quotient.).

Hardware & Software

Software

We perform different types of tasks with the help of computers. Actually all the processinb is done with the help of software's which are stored in any of secondary memory device. Software is another name of programs. Software is collection of programs written for the prupose. A program is nothing but set of instructions written in a particular Programming Language. There are two major types of software: System Software and Application Software.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

The system software is software by which a user interacts first, and then he works with application software. System software supports the computer to manage its internal resouces; System program is not a single program but is a collection of many programs. Some of the important components of system programs are:

1. Operating System (OS): An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resouces (CPU, Memory, Input and Output etc.) and provides common services for computer programs. It provides an interface between the computer and the user. Windows OS is the most widel sed operation system on computers. Linux and Unix OS are also used in some specialised types of application. They are of many types like real time, embedded, distributed etc.

2.UTILITIES: The utilites are also provided by the operating system. Utilities are used to enhance the computer resouces like the utility disk defragmenter locates and removes undesirable file aragments and reorganizes disk space and files to improve computer operations.

3. Device Driver: These are specialised programs which allow other input and output input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.

4. Servers: This is required to run different programs as per the requests received from different users.

Application Software

Application Software are the Softwares which are specially designed for the users (also called end-user programs); include such things as database programs, word processors. Web browsers and spreadsheets.

Basic Applications: These application are widely used in almost all spheres of life like:

1. Business

2. Education

3. Medical Science

4. Banking

5. Industries

This sofware also allows the user to complete jobs such as creating databases, documents, doing online shopping, spreadsheets, playing games, sending some messages. The application programs are designed in such a manner that the user finds it very friendly while working on the. For example, when a user is creating any word document file, he/she finds that the margins, line spacing, font size etc. are already been set. The user may add color, headings, and pictures to the documents and may make it as required by him/her.

Example:- A web Browser is application software specially designed to locate, retrieve and display content found on the internet.

Browsers names: mozilla Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome and Internet Explorer.

Specialized Applications include a number of other programs that are more closely concentrated on specific disciplines and jobs. Some of the best known are multimedia, graphics, video, audio, Web authoring, and Arificial Intelligence (A.I.) programs.

Hardware

Hardware is ageneric term used to define any component of a computer system with a physical presence and which can be seen and touched.

Common Hardware includes the monitor, computer case, keyboard, printers, electronic circuitry, memory chips, motherboard, expansion cards, cables, switches and everything you can thouch and feel. Hardware components are often categorised as being input, output, storage or processing devices.

Devices are susually used for input, output or storage (such as a hard disk, keyboard or printer).

Input devices are harware devices which take information from the user, convert it into electrical signals and transmit it to the processor. The key function of input devices is to allow humans to act together with the computer system. For instance a mouse permits the user to control the movement of the pointer on screen ( a common element in user interface design).

Output devices take data from the computer system and convert it to a form that can be understood by humans. For instance a monitor produces a visual electronic display to output information created by the processor to the user.

Storage devices are components which permit data to be stored within a computer system. This includes devices such as Compact Disk drives and hard disk drives.